A fundamental question concerning dye-sensitized solar cells is what determines the speed and efficiency with which charge is injected from the dye to the semiconductor (such as titanium oxide) on which it is absorbed?
A nice review by Liu and Andersen contains the summary diagram.
One important point I learnt is that (at least in some dyes) the ultrafast injection (~tens fsec) from the singlet excited state of the organometallic dye complex (such as those shown above) competes with intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state, from which injection can also occur but not as quickly.
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