Key skills students can (and should) learn in physics courses are:
- to solve problems
- to make orders of magnitude estimates
- to think and work quantitatively
- to think critically and evaluate truth claims
- to design and perform experiments and analyse data
- to perform error analysis
- to perform dimensional analysis
- to make approximations and estimate their validity
The article Teaching Biological Physics discusses some of these issues.
Perhaps, undergraduate physics courses should not be viewed as a "professional degree" but rather from the perspective of a liberal arts education. A book I really like and mentioned previously is Five Minds for the Future, by Howard Gardner.
I'm not sure I entirely agree (or I don't fully understand your point). The list you write down is exactly the sort of preparation that I would hope for in a PhD student. What other things are there that we *shouldn't* be teaching them as undergraduates? Have I forgotten something?
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